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      Excel 宏教程：录制宏基础
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        <p>说到「宏」，使用 Excel 有一段时间的人，估计至少听说过几次。我们对「宏」的了解包括提高效率、批量操作、无需编程基础等等。那么，「宏」是否能提高工作效率、是否容易掌握，接下来我们一探究竟。</p>
<h2 id="什么是-Excel-宏？"><a href="#什么是-Excel-宏？" class="headerlink" title="什么是 Excel 宏？"></a>什么是 Excel 宏？</h2><p>简单来说，Excel 宏指的是，使用 Excel 内置的编程语言 VBA (Visual Basic for Applications）写的，能在 Excel 环境里运行的一系列操作指令。我们在 Excel 里手动进行的几乎所有操作，宏（VBA）也都可以操作。在这里，什么是VBA，这篇文章暂不做介绍，简单可以认为「宏就是 VBA」。</p>
<p>这里我们可能疑惑，我自己可以进行的操作，为什么还需要宏呢？因为，宏具有两个诱人的特性：</p>
<ol>
<li>宏可以帮你自动完成重复、批量的任务。</li>
<li>录制宏不需要其他技术，你只需把任务「演示」给 Excel 即可。</li>
</ol>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="为什么要用宏？"><a href="#为什么要用宏？" class="headerlink" title="为什么要用宏？"></a>为什么要用宏？</h2><p>想象你平时在洗衣服前的准备工作：</p>
<ul>
<li>找出脏衣物；</li>
<li>分类；</li>
<li>给洗衣机注水；</li>
<li>倒洗衣液；</li>
<li>放入衣服。</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<p>如果你每周洗一次衣服，一年就需要重复以上步骤53次。那么我告诉你，有一个机器人，你只需给他演示一次准备工作，它就能记住所有步骤，并每次帮你在极短的时间内完成，你想不想用这个机器人呢？</p>
<p>如果我们把 Excel 中数据处理比作是洗衣服，那么准备数据就是洗衣服前烦琐的准备工作。现实中，准备数据往往会占用我们大量的时间，如果这部分时间能减少，我们的工作效率也会相应的提高。</p>
<p>宏，就是一个自动化完成重复工作的工具。而且，只要会用 Excel，就可以学会录制并使用宏，提高工作效率。接下来，一步一步教你如何录制一个简单的宏，并运行它。</p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="开启「开发工具」"><a href="#开启「开发工具」" class="headerlink" title="开启「开发工具」"></a>开启「开发工具」</h2><p>录制和管理宏，需要使用「开发工具」选项卡。默认情况下，Excel 不显示此选项卡，需要自定义开启。</p>
<p><strong>开启步骤如下：</strong></p>
<p>第一步：在功能区任意一区域点击右键，弹出的菜单中选择「<a href="/study-excel/customization-ribbon/">自定义功能区</a>」。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_c6a5dc479c20d5df508f43e82eecf692.png"></p>
<p>第二步：在右侧选项卡列表中，找到「开发工具」并勾选。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_940da3bebd854f203b9721f20c4ab631.png"></p>
<p>第三步：点击确定，这时在功能区可以看到「开发工具」了。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_24b679b247fc7163e170fe208583ef39.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="设置宏安全性"><a href="#设置宏安全性" class="headerlink" title="设置宏安全性"></a>设置宏安全性</h2><p>接下来是设置宏安全性。默认情况下，为防止来源不明的工作簿自带宏自动运行，Excel 会禁用宏的运行。</p>
<p>为了运行自己录制的宏，按如下步骤设置宏安全性。先点击开发工具选项卡里，「宏安全性」命令。在弹出的设置菜单中，按如下方式设置。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_dd08292c742b92366e11b31ea7229602.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="工作簿设置正确的文件类型"><a href="#工作簿设置正确的文件类型" class="headerlink" title="工作簿设置正确的文件类型"></a>工作簿设置正确的文件类型</h2><p>Excel 2007 及以后的版本中，工作簿中想要保存和运行宏，必须将其另存为「启用宏的工作簿」文件类型。</p>
<p>按一下步骤另存为启用宏的工作簿：点击「文件」命令，菜单中选择「另存为」，在弹出的另存为菜单中，保存类型列表中选择「Excel 启用宏的工作簿」，点击保存。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_985a8ac1f42ce26fdba3ed798e969737.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="录制你的第一个宏"><a href="#录制你的第一个宏" class="headerlink" title="录制你的第一个宏"></a>录制你的第一个宏</h2><p>前期工作已经完成，接下来可以录制你的第一个宏了。这里说明一下，同一个电脑，开启开发工具和设置宏安全性只需一次设置，以后无需再重新设置了。</p>
<p>接下来一步一步，我们录制一个规范日期格式的宏，即，将「2018.1.1」格式日期，使用 Excel 替换功能，转换成「2018-1-1」标准格式日期。</p>
<p><strong>第一步：</strong>在开发工具选项卡→代码命令组中，点击「使用相对引用」。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_dcd6bcd82d590e837a1833096e7cce1f.png"></p>
<p><strong>第二步：</strong>接上一步，先选中数据区域，再点击「录制宏」按钮。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_c30fbfd7d602cc21336a319ccccb6afe.png"></p>
<p><strong>第三步：</strong>在弹出的对话框中，输入宏名，指定快捷键，选择保存在「当前工作簿」，填写说明。点击「确定」开始录制。快捷键我们设置为「Ctrl + Shift + Q」。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_0c736522eacb09f40813bf63a8d793dd.png"></p>
<p><strong>第四步：</strong>这一步我们按正常操作，使用替换功能，将「.」替换为「-」。注意，这个步骤，不要使用鼠标重新选择数据区域。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_1181752ff7c3dc49a8f54f74c02d9897.gif"></p>
<p><strong>第五步：</strong>点击功能区「停止录制」按钮，停止录制。到这一步，就完成了录制。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_f9be3a9fabb5fc7742408b8dbecd71c5.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="运行录制的宏"><a href="#运行录制的宏" class="headerlink" title="运行录制的宏"></a>运行录制的宏</h2><p>上一步中，我们给宏「规范日期」设置了「Ctrl + Shift + Q」快捷键。现在，选中你要转换的区域，按对应快捷键即可。对，就是这么简单。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_4c75d6b9a2810bdf2159b89a6904f336.gif"></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="管理已录制的宏"><a href="#管理已录制的宏" class="headerlink" title="管理已录制的宏"></a>管理已录制的宏</h2><p>对已经录制的宏，使用宏管理菜单，对其进行编辑、删除、执行等操作。点击开发工具选项卡→宏命令，即可打开宏管理菜单。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_6f9b07b26c0f4f1756ce26f41208a8f5.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>今天这篇文章，先简单介绍了Excel 中宏的概念。宏具有两个特性，一个是自动批量执行重复操作；一个是，操作简单，容易学会。如果你不想学习背后的 VBA 知识，也可以正常使用宏，提高你的工作效率。</p>
<p>然后，介绍了录制宏前的准备工作：开启开发工具选项卡，设置宏安全性，设置合适的文件类型。最后，一步一步演示了录制宏的基本操作，成功录制了「规范日期」宏。</p>

      
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